Effect of Extension-Based Capacity-Building Intervention on Academic Writing Proficiency in Research Discourse Among Emerging Researchers: A Pre-Experimental Study

Authors

  • Jennelyn Lacar Raymundo

Keywords:

capacity-building intervention; academic writing proficiency; research discourse; pre-experimental research design; university extension program

Abstract

This research determined the effect of an extension-based capacity development on academic writing proficiency in research discourse as a learning intervention in enhancing the research writing skills and outputs of the 72 emerging researchers purposefully sampled based on their research competence. Upon examination of research interests and learning strands, the emerging researchers formed 12 groups with 6 members in each group to display collaborative research writing as an inherent feature of the intervention. The study utilized a pre-experimental design, particularly one-group pretest–post-test design and was also supported by qualitative insights from semi-structured interviews and extracted research outputs for triangulation. A content- validated and reliability-tested questionnaire was utilized focused on four research writing domains to describe the academic writing competencies of the respondents, while a four-criterion rubric was employed to describe the level of quality of their research outputs. Consequently, the participants demonstrated a substantial improvement across all areas of academic research writing, as evident in the significant results with p-values ranging from 0.01 to 0.04, reflecting the effectiveness of the intervention’s structure, inherent features, and delivery. The emerging researchers initially struggled in writing literature review-based research gap analysis and significance of the study, including results’ discussion and study’s implications. Nevertheless, the integration of lectures, hands-on activities, and mentoring as features of the extension-based capacity development provided a comprehensive learning experience for research writing competencies improvement, thus making it a viable educational platform that strengthens academic rigor of research writing and scholarly outputs.

https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.25.7.27

References

Abdulai, R. T., & Owusu-Ansah, A. (2014). Essential ingredients of a good research proposal for undergraduate and postgraduate students in the social sciences. Sage Open, 4(3), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244014548178

Adebisi, Y. A. (2022). Undergraduate students’ involvement in research: Values, benefits, barriers and recommendations. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104384

Agatep, J. L. E., & Villalobos, R. N. (2020). Research capabilities among selected graduate school students in Philippines. Science Insights Education Frontiers, 6(2), 691–705. https://doi.org/10.15354/sief.20.or037

Agudo, D. & Garcia, E. (2025). Research roadblocks: Investigating the challenges encountered by the DepEd personnel in research writing. International Journal of Trendy Research in Engineering and Technology, 9(02), 55–66. https://doi.org/10.54473/ijtret.2025.9205.

Almonicar, C. D., Jr. (2022). Research capability of teachers in public secondary schools in the province of Masbate, Philippines: Basis for enhancement program. Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal 6, 629-636.

Alsalim, L., Alghamdi, M., Almazroa, H., Alsudais, T., & Alghamdi, A. K. H. (2024). Undergraduate research symposium: Vital component in undergraduates’ research journey. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 50(6), 102969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2024.102969

Angco, R. J. N. (2026). Bridging academia and communities through higher education extension programs in the Philippines: a meta-synthesis toward theory generation. Frontiers in Education, 11, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2026.1764682

Ansyari, M. F., Groot, W., & De Witte, K. (2022). A systematic review and meta-analysis of data use professional development interventions. Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 7(3), 256–289. https://doi.org/10.1108/jpcc-09-2021-0055

Belita, E., Squires, J. E., Yost, J., Ganann, R., Burnett, T., & Dobbins, M. (2020). Measures of evidence-informed decision-making competence attributes: a psychometric systematic review. BMC Nursing, 19(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-020-00436-8

Bocar, A. C. (2009). Difficulties encountered by the student–researchers and the effects on their research output, S.Y. 2008–2009. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1612050

Cagaanan, J. C. A., & Gosadan, B. D. (2018). Research competency among elementary school teachers: An evaluative assessment for school-based action research (SBAR). JPAIR Institutional Research, 11(1), 51–64. https://doi.org/10.7719/irj.v11i1.590

Cavens, K. (2019). Evaluation capacity building and improvement of monitoring and evaluation practice among non-governmental organizations in central eastern counties of Kenya. European Scientific Journal ESJ, 15(8). https://doi.org/10.19044/esj.2019.v15n8p177

Chambers, D. A., Pintello, D., & Juliano-Bult, D. (2020). Capacity-building and training opportunities for implementation science in mental health. Psychiatry Research, 283, 112511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2019.112511

Cummings, S. R., Andrews, K. B., Weber, K. M., & Postert, B. (2015). Developing extension professionals to develop extension programs: A case study for the changing face of extension. Journal of Human Sciences and Extension, 3(2), 132–155. https://doi.org/10.54718/hrul9997

Dako-Gyeke, P., Asampong, E., Afari, E., Launois, P., Ackumey, M., Opoku-Mensah, K., Dery, S., Akweongo, P., Nonvignon, J., & Aikins, M. (2020). Capacity building for implementation research: a methodology for advancing health research and practice. Health Research Policy and Systems, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-020-00568-y

De Asis, A., Amoyan, S. K., & Tamayo, D. (2024). School heads’ research knowledge, competence, and challenges encountered: Basis for research revitalization program. WVSU Research Journal, 12(1), 17–37. https://doi.org/10.59460/wvsurjvol12iss1pp17-37

De Guzman, A., & Tan, E. (2007). Understanding the essence of scholarship from the lived experiences of a select group of outstanding Filipino researchers. Educational Research Journal 22(1), 49–68.

Delgado, D. A., & Cabilles, R. (2024). Challenges in the implementation of online teaching and learning in Thailand: Insights for educational policy. Isabela State University Linker: Journal of Education Social Sciences and Allied Health, 1(2), 70–85. https://doi.org/10.65141/jessah.v1i2.n6

De Souza, A. S., & Kochhann, A. (2023). Extensionist training in the landscape of opportunities and challenges for reframing teacher education in K-12 settings: A systematic literature review. Revista Foco, 16(10), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.54751/revistafoco.v16n10- 065

Ellis, T.J., & Levy, Y. (2008). Framework of problem-based research: A guide for novice researchers on the development of a research-worthy problem. International Journal of an Emerging Transdiscipline, 11, 17–33. https://doi.org/10.28945/3288

Fernández, M., Wegerif, R., Mercer, N., & Rojas-Drummond, S. (2015). Re-conceptualizing “Scaffolding” and the zone of proximal development in the context of symmetrical collaborative learning. Journal of Classroom Interaction, 50(1), 54–72. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1100363.pdf

Ganann, R., Peacock, S., Garnett, A., Northwood, M., Hyde, A., Bookey-Bassett, S., Kennedy, L., Markle-Reid, M., Ploeg, J., & Valaitis, R. (2019). Capacity development among academic trainees in community-based primary health care research: The aging, community, and health research unit experience. Primary Health Care Research & Development, 20. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1463423619000732

Gillespie, W. A., & Mitchell, F. J. (2019). Extension: To serve and protect - how to achieve sustainable rural development. South African Journal of Agricultural Extension (SAJAE), 47(4), 9–17. https://doi.org/10.17159/2413-3221/2019/v47n4a522

González-Laguna, M. V., Fidalgo, R., López, P., & Rijlaarsdam, G. (2024). A review of effective technology-based writing interventions: A componential analysis. Sustainability, 16(9), 3703. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16093703

Harshalatha, S. & Yadamala, S. (2024). Investigating the language issues in academic writing: A study on the research scholars at VIT University, Vellore. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 7(4), 2025157. https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2025157

Indah, R. N., Toyyibah, N., Budhiningrum, A. S., & Afifi, N. (2022). The research competence, critical thinking skills, and digital literacy of Indonesian EFL students. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 13(2), 315–324. https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1302.11

Juckett, L. A., Bunger, A. C., McNett, M. M., Robinson, M. L., & Tucker, S. J. (2022). Leveraging academic initiatives to advance implementation practice: a scoping review of capacity building interventions. Implementation Science, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-022-01216-5

Lee, H., & Lee, J. H. (2022). Interpreting the effectiveness of academic English writing programmes in higher education: A meta-analysis. Oxford Review of Education, 49(3), 281–300. https://doi.org/10.1080/03054985.2022.2072284

Llenares, I. I., & Deocaris, C. C. (2018). Measuring the impact of a community extension program in the Philippines. Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction, 15(1), 35–55. https://doi.org/10.32890/mjli2018.15.1.2

Mat, M., Hashim, H., & Sulaiman, N. A. (2025). Enhancing writing skills through web-based learning (WBL) in ESL/EFL classrooms: A systematic review. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 24(8), 473–496. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.24.8.20

Maxwell, D. (2024). Capacity building as a strategic tool for attainment of quality education in public schools in Nigeria. International Journal of Scientific Research in Education, 17(1), 111–126. https://www.ijsre.com.ng/assets/vol.%2C-17(1)-dorcas-maxwell.pdf

Murphy, S. D., Nair, A., Kaswa, R., Govender, I., & Von Pressentin, K. (2023). Guiding the emerging primary care researcher: A report of research capacity-building workshop. South African Family Practice, 65(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/safp.v65i1.5769

Mzini, L. B. B. (2023). Assessment of higher education programmes for enhancing the postgraduate community. International Journal of Social Science Research and Review, 6(12), 35–53. https://doi.org/10.47814/ijssrr.v6i12.1688

Nakijoba, R., & Ayodeji, A. (2022). Building educational research capacity: Challenges and opportunities from the perspectives of faculty staff of selected private universities in Uganda. The Uganda Higher Education Review, 10(1), 19–34. https://doi.org/10.58653/nche.v10i1.02

Ndagi, M. A., Abiodun, N. L., & Rebecca, M. (2023). Teachers’ capacity building strategies and pupils’ academic performance in Muslim public primary schools in Namutumba district of Uganda. Research Journal of Education, 93, 15–22. https://doi.org/10.32861/rje.93.15.22

Oliveira, D. A. dos S., Bernet, R. R., & Hoyos, D. C. de M. (2024). The transformative integration of university extension and education in communities. Focus on Education: Academic Research. https://doi.org/10.56238/sevened2024.009-037

Pangket, W. F., Pangesfan, S. K. K., Cayabas, J. P., & Madjaco, G. L. (2023). Research writing readiness of graduate students in a Philippine state college. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 22(4), 141–159. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.22.4.9

Paramboor, J., Kamaruddin, A. K. E., & Al-Hudawi, S. H. V. (2025). A conceptual framework for enhancing academic research writing: Integrating context-specific guidance and Swale’s CARs Model. Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, 13(2), 533. https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v13i2.13579

Partahian, P., Nisak, K., Lubis, L. H., Tihawa, T., & Hutagalung, R. (2024). Program evaluation as a foundation for improving program quality in educational institutions. Edumaspul: Jurnal Pendidikan, 8(1), 734–739. https://doi.org/10.33487/edumaspul.v8i1.7718

Peungcharoenkun, T., & Waluyo, B. (2023). Implementing process-genre approach, feedback, and technology in L2 writing in higher education. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, 8(34), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-023-00211-7

Pulford, J., Price, N., Quach, J. A., & Bates, I. (2020). Measuring the outcome and impact of research capacity strengthening initiatives: A review of indicators used or described in published and grey literature. F1000Research, 9, 517. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.24144.1

Putra, B. A. (2024). Evaluation of the utilization of the learning management system (LMS) using the CIPP model. Global Synthesis in Education Journal, 1(3), 19–27. https://doi.org/10.61667/dp8q3757

Raymundo, J. L. (2026). Effect of extension-based learning enhancement program on good English reading skills of struggling intermediate learners. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 25(3), 343–365. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.25.3.15

Reston, E. D., & Poliquit, E. S. (2020). An outcome-based statistical capacity development programme to support research at a university. Statistics Education Research Journal, 19(1), 181–193. https://doi.org/10.52041/serj.v19i1.129

Retnowati, T.M.Y., Dewi, E., Mere, M., & Sakti, B. P. (2024). Analysis of the implementation of training and development programs for teachers in the context of curriculum change: Evaluation and recommendations. Dinasti International Journal of Education Management and Social Science (DIJEMSS), 5(6), 1868–1876. https://doi.org/10.38035/dijemss.v5i6.2918

Samosa. R. C. (2021). Cultivating research culture: Capacity building program toward initiatives to improve teachers' self-efficacy, research anxiety, and research attitude. European Scholar Journal, 2(3), 182–198. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED618259

Shabani, K., Khatib, M., & Ebadi, S. (2010). Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development: Instructional implications and teachers’ professional development. English Language Teaching, 3(4), 237–248. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v3n4p237

Silva, F. M., & Martínez, R. E. L. (2025). Competencias investigativas y su análisis en el campo de la tecnología educativa mediante e-learning. Revista Ensayos Pedagógicos, 20(1), 1–37. https://doi.org/10.15359/rep.20-1.7

Simpson, D., Riddle, J., Hamel, D., & Balmer, D. F. (2020). Blueprinting program evaluation evidence through the lens of key stakeholders. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 12(5), 629–630. https://doi.org/10.4300/JGME-D-20-01015.1

Sombié, I., Bamouni, S. F., Somé, D. T., Johnson, E., & Aidam, J. (2021). From training to practice: a report of professional capacity development in health research in West Africa. BMC Medical Education, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-021-02696-7

Suleiman, Y., Hanafi, Z. B., Thanslikan, M., & Abdulrasheed, O. (2017). Impact of teachers’ capacity building on students’ academic performance in secondary schools: A Partial Least Square (PLS-SEM) approach. 6th International Conference on Education, Humanities, and Social Sciences Studies, 17. https://eares.org/siteadmin/upload/EPH317006.pdf

Tabuena, A. C., & Tabuena, H. Y. M. (2021). Research data analysis methods in addressing the K-12 learning competency on data analysis procedures among senior high school research courses. SSRN Electronic Journal, 8(3), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3795969

Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: Development of higher psychological processes. Mind in Society: Development of Higher Psychological Processes, 1(1), 19–30. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvjf9vz4

Wong, J. Q., & Uy, J. (2015). 046: Evaluation of a research capacity-building program for health sciences students in a Philippine university. BMJ Open, 46–49. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-forum2015abstracts.46

Wood, D., Bruner, J. S., & Ross, G. (1976). The role of tutoring in problem solving. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 17(2), 89–100. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1976.tb00381.x

Workman, J. D., & Scheer, S. D. (2012). Evidence of impact: Examination of evaluation studies published in the Journal of Extension. Journal of Extension, 50(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.34068/joe.50.02.57

Yuan, R., Yang, M., & Stapleton, P. (2020). Enhancing undergraduates’ critical thinking through research engagement: A practitioner research approach. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 38(2), 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2020.100737

Zhai, X., & Razali, A. B. (2023). Triple method approach to development of a genre-based approach to teaching ESL/EFL writing: A systematic literature review by bibliometric, content, and scientometric analyses. Sage Open, 13(1), 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221147255

Zhang, D., Tan, J. T. A., & Sinha Roy, S. (2023). A systematic review of interventions improving university students’ EFL writing competence. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 22(10), 93–112. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.22.10.6

Downloads

Published

2026-07-30

How to Cite

Raymundo, J. L. . (2026). Effect of Extension-Based Capacity-Building Intervention on Academic Writing Proficiency in Research Discourse Among Emerging Researchers: A Pre-Experimental Study. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 25(7), 598–623. Retrieved from https://ijlter.myres.net/index.php/ijlter/article/view/2966

Issue

Section

Articles