Learning Outcomes of Arabic Pedagogy Via Classical Islamic Texts: A Systematic Review of the Indonesian Pesantren Tradition
Keywords:
Arabic Instruction; Kitab Kuning, pesantren; systematic review; traditional Islamic booksAbstract
This study systematically reviews instructional strategies employed for teaching Arabic through traditional Islamic books (known as Kitab Kuning) at Indonesian Islamic boarding schools (pesantren). The central issue of this study was to identify whether traditional, modern or hybrid pedagogical approaches are most effective in enhancing Arabic language proficiency, textual comprehension, and learner engagement. By applying PRISMA 2020 and the Campbell Collaboration guidelines, the review adopted a qualitative thematic synthesis rather than a statistical meta-analysis to synthesize evidence from 86 empirical studies published between 2016 and 2025 and retrieved from open-access academic databases. The analysis to evaluate instructional practices is grounded in sociocultural theory, constructivist learning theory and cognitive load theory. Findings reveal four major instructional models: traditional oral transmission (sorogan/bandong), grammar-based methods (nahwu-sharf), structured innovations (e.g., Tamyiz), and hybrid digital-assisted approaches. Structured and hybrid models had significantly better learner outcomes for reading fluency, grammatical accuracy, vocabulary retention, and engagement. Conversely, traditional methods, while preserving textual sanctity, often restricted autonomy and interactive learning. Challenges included high cognitive load, inadequate teacher preparation, and infrastructural deficiencies. The review underscores the adaptive capacity of pesantren pedagogy by demonstrating latent alignment with modern education theories. It provides clear and practical ideas for policymakers, curriculum designers, and teachers on how to maintain classical authenticity while teaching Arabic effectively in religious education today.
https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.25.2.42
References
Abduh, A., Mulyanah, A., Darmawati, B., Zabadi, F., Sidik, U., Handoko, W., Jayadi, K., & Rosmaladewi, R. (2023). The compleat lextutor application tool for academic and technological lexical learning: Review and bibliometric approach. Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v8i3.63539
Afifah, I., Sirojudin, D., & Hasbullah, K. A. W. (2022). Efektivitas Arab Pegon dalam pemahaman kitab kuning di Pesantren Darun Najah Malang [The effectiveness of Pegon Arabic in understanding the Yellow Book at the Darun Najah Islamic Boarding School in Malang]. Journal of Education and Management Studies, 5(6), 41–45. https://doi.org/10.32764/joems.v5i6.848
Akbar, A., & Ismail, H. (2018). Metode pembelajaran kitab kuning di Pondok Pesantren Daarun Nahdhah Thawalib Bangkinang [Yellow Book learning method at Daarun Nahdhah Thawalib Bangkinang Islamic Boarding School]. Al-Fikra: Jurnal Ilmiah Keislaman, 17(1), 21–32. https://doi.org/10.24014/af.v17i1.5139
Akmaliyah, Hudzaifah, Y., Ulfah, N., & Pamungkas, M. I. (2021). Child-friendly teaching approach for arabic language in in Indonesian Islamic boarding school. International Journal of Language Education, 5(1), 501–514. https://doi.org/10.26858/IJOLE.V5I1.15297
Albab, U. (2019). Motivasi dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Arab sebagai bahasa asing [Motivation in learning Arabic as a foreign language]. Tamaddun: Jurnal Kebudayaan Dan Sastra Islam, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.19109/tamaddun.v19i1.3398
Aldawsari, M., Kolhar, M., & Dawood Omer, O. S. (2023). Within-document Arabic Event Coreference: Challenges, datasets, approaches and future direction. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 13(19), Article 11004. https://doi.org/10.3390/app131911004
Ali, M. S. M., & Amin, N. (2025). Strategi pembelajaran kitab kuning di Pondok Pesantren Abu Keumala Al-Aziziyah Deli Serdang [Learning strategy for the Yellow Book at the Abu Keumala Al-Aziziyah Islamic boarding school in Deli Serdang]. Prosiding Fakultas Agama Islam Universitas Dharmawangsa, 5, 408–421. https://doi.org/10.46576/pfai.v5i0.581
Ali, M., Mappanyompa, & Aqodiah. (2019). Upaya bimbingan baca kitab kuning syarah Al-Jurumiyah [Guidance efforts in reading the Yellow Book “Syarah Al-Jurumiyah” for teenagers of the Baitussalam Mosque, Murbaya Hall, Pringgarata District, Lomboktengah]. Ibtida’iy: Jurnal Prodi PGMI, 4(2), 54–80. https://doi.org/10.31764/ibtidaiy.v4i2.1553
Ali, N., & Faisol, A. (2023). Pengembangan pembelajaran kitab kuning di Pesantren Nurul Wajid Jember [Development of Yellow Book learning at Nurul Wajid Islamic Boarding School, Jember]. ’Ibadatuna: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 2(2), 315–329. https://ejournal.stismu.ac.id/ojs/index.php/ibadatuna/article/view/1349/516
Aliyah, A. (2018). Pesantren tradisional sebagai basis pembelajaran nahwu dan sharaf dengan menggunakan kitab kuning [Traditional Islamic boarding schools as a base for learning nahwu and sharaf using the yellow book]. Al-Ta’rib: Jurnal Ilmiah Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Arab IAIN Palangka Raya, 6(1), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.23971/altarib.v6i1.966
Amir, S. (2020). Problematika pembelajaran kitab kuning di Pesantren Putra Alkhairaat Pusat Palu [Problems learning the Yellow Book at the Putra Alkhairaat Central Islamic Boarding School, Palu]. Al-Qalam, 26(1), 141–154. https://doi.org/10.31969/alq.v26i1.827
Amirudin, J., & Rohimah, E. (2020). Implementasi kurikulum pesantren salafi dan pesantren modern dalam meningkatkan kemampuan santri membaca dan memahami kitab kuning [Implementation of the Salafi Islamic boarding school and modern Islamic boarding school curriculum to improve students’ ability to read and understand the Yellow Book]. Jurnal Pendidikan UNIGA, 14(1), 268?282. https://doi.org/10.52434/jp.v14i1.908
Arar, K., Sawalhi, R., DeCuir, A., & Amatullah, T. (2023). Introduction. In K. Arar, R. Sawalhi, A. DeCuir, & T. Amatullah (Eds.), Islamic-based educational leadership, administration and management: Challenging expectations through global critical insights. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003360070
Ardiansyah, A. A. (2020). Implementasi metode ibtidai dalam pembelajaran kitab kuning di Pondok Pesantren Hidayaytul Mubtadiien Majalengka [Implementation of the ibtidai method in learning the Yellow Book at the Hidayaytul Mubtadiien Islamic Boarding School in Majalengka]. Al-Ittijah: Jurnal Keilmuan dan Kependidikan Bahasa Arab, 12(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.32678/al-ittijah.v12i01.1329
Arianto, A., & Munir, M. B. (2023). Implementasi metode Alabama (Alfiyah, Balaghah, Mantiq) dalam membaca kitab kuning di Pondok Pesantren Gedangsewu Kediri Jawa Timur [Implementation of the Alabama method (Alfiyah, Balaghah, Mantiq) in reading the Yellow Book at the Gedangsewu Islamic Boarding School, Kediri, East Java]. INOVATIF: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan, Agama, dan Kebudayaan, 9(1), 39–53. https://doi.org/10.55148/inovatif.v9i1.316
Arif, M., Harun, M., & Aziz, M. K. N. bin A. (2023). A systematic review trend of learning methods for reading the Kitab Kuning at Pesantren (2000–2022). Journal of Islamic Civilization, 4(2), 146–164. https://doi.org/10.33086/jic.v4i2.3578
Arif, M., Nasir, R., & Ma’arif, M. A. (2025). The kitab kuning learning model in the development of student expertise in pesantren-based higher education. Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 8(1), 52–74. https://doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v8i1.8
Arifin, Z., Fauzi, M. A., Al-Firdausi, A. S., Soleh, M., Rizqiyah, N., Khasanah, A., Khumaidah, S., Ma’had, S., & Al-Hikam, A. (2024). Pendampingan syawir sebagai metode pembelajaran kitab kuning di Pondok Pesantren Hidayatul Mubtadi’in Kembang Kabupaten Malang [Accompanying syawir as a method of learning the Yellow Book at the Hidayatul Mubtadi'in Islamic Boarding School in Kembang, Malang Regency]. Ngabekti: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 2(1), 45–54. https://doi.org/10.32478/b3fhm514
Awaluddin, A. F., Ahmadi, M., & Arfandi, M. A. (2024). Penerapan pembelajaran kitab kuning berbasis digital dalam meningkatkan pemahaman keislaman mahasiswa program studi pendidikan agama Islam [Application of digital-based learning of the Yellow Book in increasing Islamic understanding of Islamic religious education study program students]. Ekspose: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum dan Pendidikan, 23(2), 140–156. https://doi.org/10.30863/ekspose.v23i2.7299
Aziz, A., Niswah, S. K., & Ibrahim, F. M. A. (2021). Acquisition of Arabic as a second language in early children in Islamic kindergarten. Arabiyat : Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab Dan Kebahasaaraban, 8(21). https://doi.org/10.15408/a.v8i2.20595
Burhanudin, J. (2022). Two Islamic writing traditions in Southeast Asia: Kitab Jawi and Kitab Kuning with reference to the works of Da’ud al-Fatani dan Nawawi al-Bantani. Al-Jami’ah: Journal of Islamic Studies, 60(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2022.601.1-28
Daflaini, D., Fidya, Y., & Mulyani, S. (2023). Manajemen Pembelajaran Di Pondok Pesantren (Studi Kualitatif Fenomenologi) [Learning management in Islamic boarding schools (qualitative phenomenological study)]. Leader: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.32939/ljmpi.v1i1.2258
Darwati, R., Rukajat, A., & Ramdhani, K. (2023). Efektivitas metode Amtsilati dalam meningkatkan kualitas membaca kitab kuning pada santri di Pondok Pesantren Al-Mushlih Karawang [The effectiveness of the Amtsilati method in improving the quality of reading the Yellow Book among students at the Al-Mushlih Karawang Islamic Boarding School]. Pe-Te-Ka, 6(4), 723?730. https://jurnal.um-tapsel.ac.id/index.php/ptk/article/view/12667
Daud, W. A. A. W., Teck, W. K., Ghani, M. T. A., & Ramli, S. (2020). M-learning boost students’ motivation in learning Arabic language proficiency for elementary level. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(10), 4384-4392. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.081004
Daulay, A. S., & Nasution, S. (2022). Motivasi santriwati dalam pembelajaran kitab kuning di Pondok Pesantren Musthafawiyah Purba Baru [Motivating female students to learn the Yellow Book at the Musthafawiyah Purba Baru Islamic Boarding School]. Darul Ilmi: Jurnal Ilmu Kependidikan dan Keislaman, 9(2), 258–270. https://doi.org/10.24952/di.v9i2.4497
Daulay, R., Siregar, M. P., & Panggabean, H. S. (2024). Inovasi pembelajaran kitab kuning di pesantren dalam penguatan literasi keagamaan [Innovation in Yellow Book learning in Islamic boarding schools to strengthen religious literacy]. Jurnal Keislaman, 7(1), 25–37. https://doi.org/10.54298/jk.v7i1.4016
Elfida, D. N. (2025). Implementasi metode Al-Miftah Lil Ulum untuk meningkatkan kemampuan membaca kitab kuning kelas I’dadiyah di Pondok Pesantren Baiturrahman Tasikmalaya [Implementation of the Al-Miftah Lil Ulum method to improve the ability to read the Yellow Book in the I'dadiyah class at Baiturrahman Islamic Boarding School, Tasikmalaya]. HASBUNA: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 7(2), 189–194. https://perpus.iaitasik.ac.id/index.php?p=show_detail&id=7834&keywords=
Faisol, A., & Annuha, H. (2022). Korelasi kajian kitab kuning dengan peningkatan hasil belajar pelajaran Al-Qur’an Hadits kelas VIII di SMP Unggulan Al-Hikmah Kesilir Wuluhan Jember [Correlation of Yellow Book study with increasing learning outcomes in class VIII Al-Qur'an Hadith lessons at Al-Hikmah Superior Middle School Kesilir Wuluhan Jember]. FAJAR Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 1(2), 1?14.
Fakhrurrazi, F., & Sebgag, S. (2020). Methods of learning kitab kuning for beginners in Islamic boarding school (dayah). Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 3(3), 296–310. https://doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v3i3.838
Fathurrohman, K. A.-F., Ijudin, I., & Munawaroh, N. (2024). Implementasi metode Al-Miftah berbasis flipped classroom dalam pembelajaran kitab kuning [Implementation of the Al-Miftah method based on a flipped classroom in learning the Yellow Book]. Jurnal Pendidikan: Riset dan Konseptual, 8(2), 362–373. https://doi.org/10.28926/riset_konseptual.v8i2.995
Fauzi, I., & Nabila, F. N. (2022). Pembelajaran Amtsilati sebagai upaya pembinaan kemampuan membaca kitab kuning di sekolah [Amtsilati learning is an effort to develop the ability to read the Yellow Book in schools]. MA’ALIM: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 3(2), 119–132. https://doi.org/10.21154/maalim.v3i2.4531
Fauzi, M. F., Murtadho, N., Maziyah, L., Fauzan, M., Anindiati, I., & Nada, A. L. I. (2025). Facilitating Arabic language acquisition through STEM-literacy and life skills-based digital learning resources for Quran memorizers in Pesantren. Izdihar: Journal of Arabic Language Teaching, Linguistics, and Literature, 8(1), 121–142. https://doi.org/10.22219/JIZ.V8I1.40378
Fuadi, M. N., Afifah, A. R., Azizah, Y. L., & Suwadi, S. (2025). Evaluasi metode sorogan dalam pembelajaran kitab kuning menggunakan model CIPP: Studi kasus di Pondok Pesantren Alluqmaniyyah Yogyakarta [Evaluation of the sorogan method in learning the Yellow Book using the CIPP model: Case study at the Alluqmaniyyah Islamic Boarding School, Yogyakarta]. At-Tadbir: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 5(2), 102–112. https://journal.staidk.ac.id/index.php/attadbir/article/view/1051
Ghozali, M. D. H. Al, & Labibah, M. D. (2023). Pengaruh metode Amtsilati terhadap kemampuan membaca Kitab Kuning Santri [The Influence of the Amtsilati Method on the Ability of Students to Read the Yellow Book. Qismul Arab: Journal of Arabic Education, 3(1), 19–28. https://doi.org/10.62730/qismularab.v3i01.61
Hadi Rohmani, A. (2022). Strategi pembelajaran kitab kuning di MBI Mambaul Falah Sokaoneng [Yellow Book learning strategies at MBI Mambaul Falah Sokaoneng]. Cendekia: Jurnal Studi Keislaman, 8(1), 120–141. https://doi.org/10.37348/cendekia.v8i1.211
Hafid, H., & Fawaidi, B. (2024). Cooperative learning klasikal dalam pembelajaran kitab kuning: Studi pada Pondok Pesantren Miftahul Ulum Lumajang [Classical cooperative learning in Yellow Book learning: Study at Miftahul Ulum Islamic Boarding School, Lumajang]. Itqan: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Kependidikan, 15(1), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.47766/itqan.v15i1.2013
Hamidi, F., & Handican, R. (2023). Systematic literature review: Implementasi metode pembelajaran bahasa Arab dalam mempelajari kitab kuning [Systematic literature review: Implementation of Arabic language learning methods in studying the Yellow Book]. Muhibbûl Arabiyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, 3(1), 31–48. https://doi.org/10.35719/pba.v3i1.116
Hanafiah, M., Kamal, M., Batuah, R., Fauzan, R., & Ibrahim, N. (2022). Pelatihan pembelajaran bahasa Arab dalam meningkatkan pemahaman santri terhadap hukum Islam melalui kitab kuning [Arabic language learning training to increase students' understanding of Islamic law through the Yellow Book]. Khadem: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 1(1), 82–90. https://ejournal.unisai.ac.id/index.php/jkdm/article/view/472
Hasan, I., & Anshory, I. (2024). Kitab Kuning dan Pesantren: Peran MA Baitussalam Melestarikan Warisan Intelektual [Yellow Books and Islamic boarding schools: The role of MA Baitussalam in preserving intellectual heritage]. Tsaqofah: Jurnal Penelitian Guru Indonesia, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.58578/tsaqofah.v4i2.2444
Hasibuan, H. B., Nasution, B., & Nasution, K. (2018). Penerapan metode sorogan dalam pembelajaran kitab kuning kelas VIII di Pondok Pesantren Modern Ta’dib Al-Syakirin Titi Kuning Kecamatan Medan Johor [Application of the sorogan method in Class VIII yellow book learning at the Ta'dib Al-Syakirin Titi Kuning Modern Islamic Boarding School, Medan Johor District]. Tazkiya: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 7(2), 1–11. https://jurnaltarbiyah.uinsu.ac.id/index.php/tazkiya/article/view/384/345
Hidayah, B. (2019). Peningkatan kemampuan membaca kitab kuning melalui pembelajaran Arab Pegon [Increasing the ability to read the Yellow Book through learning Pegon Arabic]. Muróbbî: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 3(1), 102–119. https://doi.org/10.52431/murobbi.v3i1.194
Huda, M. M., Fatichin, K., Anam, C., & Khotimah, K. (2023). Implementasi pembelajaran kitab kuning dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membaca Arab Pegon di MI Miftahul Ulum Karangpilang Surabaya [Implementation of Yellow Book learning to improve Pegon Arabic reading skills at MI Miftahul Ulum Karangpilang Surabaya]. Jurnal Keagamaan, Pendidikan dan Humaniora, 10(2), 1–17. https://e-jurnal.unisda.ac.id/index.php/dar/article/download/4899/2689/
Husna, M. A. (2018). Metode diskusi dalam pembelajaran kitab kuning klasik dalam peningkatan keterampilan membaca [Discussion method in learning the classic Yellow Book in improving reading skills]. Jurnal PROGRESS: Wahana Kreativitas dan Intelektualitas, 6(2), 114–135. https://doi.org/10.31942/pgrs.v6i2.2541
Iwan, I. (2024). Implementation of the Al-Miftah Lil Ulum method in learning Yellow Books at the Tarbiyatul Aulad Islamic Boarding School Sukadana, North Kayong Regency in 2024. International Journal of Education and Literature, 3(3), 8–15. https://doi.org/10.55606/ijel.v3i3.210
Izzah, N. (2022). Analisis penggunaan metode pembelajaran kitab kuning di Madrasah Aliyah Tahfizhil [Analysis of the use of the Yellow Book learning method at Madrasah Aliyah Tahfizhil]. Al-Ulum: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 3(2), 175–185. https://doi.org/10.56114/al-ulum.v3i2.305
Jamaludin, M., Sarbini, M., & Maulida, A. (2019). Implementasi metode sorogan dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membaca kitab kuning pada santri tingkat wustho di Pondok Pesantren Al-Muslimun Desa Hegarmanah Kecamatan Sukaluyu Kabupaten Cianjur tahun 2019 [Implementation of the sorogan method in improving the ability to read the Yellow Book in wustho level students at the Al-Muslimun Islamic Boarding School, Hegarmanah Village, Sukaluyu District, Cianjur Regency in 2019]. Prosiding Al Hidayah Pendidikan Agama Islam, 2(1), 124–134. https://jurnal.staialhidayahbogor.ac.id/index.php/ppai/article/view/535
Jamila, N., & Navlia, R. (2025). Evaluasi pembelajaran kitab kuning di Madrasah Raudhatul-Jannah [Evaluation of Yellow Book learning at Madrasah Raudhatul-Jannah]. Jurnal Psikososial dan Pendidikan, 1(3), 1794–1798. https://publisherqu.com/index.php/psikosospen/article/view/3212
Jufrizal, J. (2023). Implementasi pembelajaran kitab kuning sebagai upaya peningkatan religiusitas peserta didik di Pondok Pesantren Terpadu Nurul Islam Blang Rakal Kabupaten Bener Meriah [Implementation of Yellow Book learning as an effort to increase students’ religiosity at the Nurul Islam Blang Rakal Integrated Islamic Boarding School, Bener Meriah Regency]. Malewa: Journal of Multidisciplinary Educational Research, 1(2), 29–38. https://doi.org/10.61683/jome.v1i02.31
Kaptein, N. (2020). The Arab Middle East and religious authority in Indonesia. Tebuireng: Journal of Islamic Studies and Society. https://doi.org/10.33752/tjiss.v1i1.1170
Khabibullah, M., Ichsan, A. S., & Ashari, M. S. (2022). Peningkatan kualitas bacaan kitab kuning bagi santri desa di Pondok Pesantren Wali Songo Pleret Bantul [Improving the quality of Yellow Book reading of village students at the Wali Songo Pleret Bantul Islamic Boarding School]. Musala: Jurnal Pesantren dan Kebudayaan Islam Nusantara, 1(1), 64–78. https://doi.org/10.37252/jpkin.v1i1.176
Kholis, R. A. N., & Karom, L. A. (2022). Penerjemahan Pegon dalam kitab kuning pesantren [Translation of Pegon in the Islamic boarding school Yellow Book]. Jurnal Penelitian Ilmiah INTAJ, 6(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.35897/intaj.v6i1.730
Kholis, R. A. N., Mujiharto, M., & Karom, L. A. (2024). Pembelajaran kitab kuning di pesantren [Learning the Yellow Book in Islamic boarding schools]. Jurnal Studi Pesantren, 4(1), 72–83. https://doi.org/10.35897/studipesantren.v4i1.944
Kim, Y. S. G., Harris, K. R., Goldstone, R., Camping, A., & Graham, S. (2025). The science of teaching reading is incomplete without the science of writing: A randomized control trial of integrated teaching of reading and writing. Scientific Studies of Reading, 29(1), 32–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888438.2024.2380272
Komarudin, E., & Sudjatnika, T. (2018). Pelatihan membaca kitab kuning dan mengirab kalimat berbahasa Arab di Majlis Ta’lim At-Taubah Cibiuk Garut [Training in reading the Yellow Book and reciting Arabic sentences at Majlis Ta'lim At-Taubah Cibiuk Garut]. Al-Khidmat, 1(1), 45–52. https://doi.org/10.15575/jak.v1i1.3323
Kurniasari, A. (2022). Manajemen pembelajaran kitab kuning di pondok pesantren [Management of Yellow Book learning in Islamic boarding schools]. Jurnal Studi Islam dan Kemuhammadiyahan (JASIKA), 2(1), 20–27. https://doi.org/10.18196/jasika.v2i1.22
Lestari, P. (2022). Tradisi penulisan dan pengajaran kitab pesantren: Proses membangun otoritas dalam kitab kuning [Islamic boarding school writing and teaching traditions: The process of building authority in the Yellow Book]. Jurnal Kajian Islam Interdisipliner, 7(2), 189–209. https://doi.org/10.14421/jkii.v7i2.1331
Maarif, S. (2024, October 11). Melihat Ekosistem Kemandirian Pesantren [Seeing the Islamic boarding school independence ecosystem]. https://kemenag.go.id/kolom/melihat-ekosistem-kemandirian-pesantren-mPgBg
Mahbubi, M., Shahidi, N., & Gunawan, R. (2024). Implementation of the Amtsilati method in improving the ability to read the yellow book in Islamic schools. Electronic Journal of Education, Social Economics and Technology, 5(2). https://ejeset.saintispub.com/ejeset/article/view/174
Mahfudh, A. A., & Mustofa, H. (2019). Klasifikasi pemahaman santri dalam pembelajaran kitab kuning menggunakan algoritma naive Bayes berbasis forward selection [Classification of students' understanding in Yellow Book learning using the naive Bayes algorithm based on forward selection]. Walisongo Journal of Information Technology, 1(2), 101–110. https://doi.org/10.21580/wjit.2019.1.2.4529
Makraja, F., & Azmi, U. (2023). Challenges of students in learning the Islamic yellow book at Dayah Raudhatul Qur’an Darussalam, Aceh Besar, Indonesia. DAYAH: Journal of Islamic Education, 6(2), 171–184. https://doi.org/10.22373/jie.v6i2.17309
Mariyam, S. (2021). Hubungan penguasaan nahwu sharaf dengan kemampuan membaca kitab kuning Pesantren Riyadhul Huda [The relationship between mastery of nahwu sharaf and the ability to read the yellow book at the Riyadhul Huda Islamic Boarding School]. Tatsqifiy: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, 2(1), 71–81. https://doi.org/10.30997/tjpba.v2i1.2828
Maskuri, M., Kholison, M., & Islamiyah, W. (2022). Metode pembelajaran kitab kuning [Yellow Book learning method]. Lahjah Arabiyah: Journal of Arabic Language and Arabic Language Education, 3(2), 139–144. https://doi.org/10.35316/lahjah.v3i2.139-144
Masnawati, E., Muntholib, M., Rifaid, R., Aliyah, N. D., Badriyah, L., Hariani, M., & Darmawan, D. (2025). Meningkatkan kemampuan baca kitab kuning santri PP Hidayatul Mubtadiin dengan bimbingan baca kitab menggunakan kitab Al-Jurumiyah [Improving the Yellow Book reading skills of PP Hidayatul Mubtadiin students with book reading guidance using the Al-Jurumiyah book]. Jurnal Pengabdian Ibnu Sina, 4(1), 24–29. https://doi.org/10.36352/J-PIS.V4I1.1026
Muhajirin, A. M., & Zani, S. Z. (2024). Efektivitas metode Al-Miftah Lil Ulum dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membaca kitab kuning santri di Pondok Pesantren Al Badar Parepare. Al-Af’idah: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab dan Pengajarannya, 8(1), 365–381. https://doi.org/10.52266/al-afidah.v8i1.2631
Muhammad, M., Ahid, N., & Hamidah, A. M. (2025). The dynamics of reading kitab kuning at ibtida’ level in pesantren. Edudeena: Journal of Islamic Religious Education, 9(1), 93–104. https://jurnalfaktarbiyah.iainkediri.ac.id/index.php/edudeena/article/view/5823
Musaddad, A., Suprapto, S., & Quddus, A. (2023). Manajemen akselerasi baca kitab kuning melalui pembelajaran bahasa Arab di Pondok Pesantren Darul Ulum Beraim Praya Tengah Lombok Tengah [The effectiveness of the Al-Miftah Lil Ulum method in improving the reading ability of the Yellow Book of students at the Al Badar Parepare Islamic Boarding School]. Jurnal Ilmiah Mandala Education, 9(1), 459–467. https://doi.org/10.58258/jime.v9i1.4632
Muttaqien, M. H. F., Ilahi, D. S. K., Putri, I. D. I. S., Muhammad, B., Anam, K., & Romli, M. (2025). Integrasi literasi kitab kuning dan evaluasi tradisional dalam pendidikan santri putri: Studi kasus Pesantren Zainul Hasan Genggong [Integration of Yellow Book literacy and traditional evaluation in the education of female students: Case study of the Zainul Hasan Genggong Islamic Boarding School]. Kartika: Jurnal Studi Keislaman, 5(3), 2397–2407. https://lptnunganjuk.com/ojs/index.php/kartika/article/view/300
Muzaky, C. M., & Ishari, N. (2020). Implementasi metode Al-Miftah Lil Ulum dalam pembelajaran kitab kuning di Pondok Pesantren Sidogiri Pasuruan [Implementation of the Al-Miftah Lil Ulum method in learning the Yellow Book at the Sidogiri Pasuruan Islamic Boarding School]. Tarbiyatuna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 13(1), 22–36. https://doi.org/10.36835/tarbiyatuna.v13i1.607
Nasruddin, M. A., & Amin, M. N. (2022). Metode Amtsilati dalam mempercepat kemampuan baca kitab kuning (Studi kasus di Pondok Pesantren Nurul Ulum Malang) [Amtsilati method in accelerating the ability to read the yellow book (Case study at the Nurul Ulum Islamic Boarding School in Malang)]. Cordova Journal of Language and Culture Studies, 12(1), 19–28. https://doi.org/10.20414/cordova.v12i1.5467
Nawas, M. Z. A., Nawas, K. A., Kartini, Achruh, & Sukirman. (2025). Understanding perspectives on learning English in the Qur’an and Hadith. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 46(1), Article 460116. https://so04.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/kjss/article/view/279148
Newman, S., & Latifi, A. (2021). Vygotsky, education, and teacher education. Journal of Education for Teaching, 47(1), 4–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2020.1831375
Nurhayati, N., & Anam, R. K. (2025). Implementasi metode Al-Miftah Lil Ulum dalam peningkatan pemahaman kitab kuning di Pondok Pesantren Sullamul Hidayah, Jorongan, Leces, Probolinggo [Implementation of the Al-Miftah Lil Ulum method in increasing understanding of the yellow book at the Sullamul Hidayah Islamic Boarding School, Jorongan, Leces, Probolinggo]. Action Research Journal Indonesia (ARJI), 7(3), 1563–1593. https://doi.org/10.61227/arji.v7i3.466
Nurjannah, S. (2024). Analisis kemampuan membaca kitab kuning dalam penggunaan kitab Matan Ajurumiyah santri Pondok Pesantren Perguruan Islam Ganra Kabupaten Soppeng [Analysis of the ability to read the Yellow Book in the use of the Matan Ajurumiyah book for Islamic boarding school students at Ganra Islamic College, Soppeng Regency]. Dualy: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, 1(2), 56–69. https://repository.iainpare.ac.id/id/eprint/5456/
Nurjannah, S., Qifayah, N., Khimiyah, N. I., & Alfaruq, M. A. M. (2022). Implementasi pembelajaran PAI berbasis kitab kuning di MTs Hidayatun Najajah Tuban [Implementation of PAI learning based on the yellow book at MTs Hidayatun Najajah Tuban]. Tadris: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pemikiran Pendidikan Islam, 16(2), 67–78. https://ejournal.iainutuban.ac.id/index.php/tadris/article/view/793
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. International Journal of Surgery, 88(April), Article 105906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2021.105906
Paramansyah, A., Siradj, S., Husna, A. I. N., & Ernawati, E. (2022). Karakteristik pembelajaran kitab kuning di pondok pesantren [Characteristics of Yellow Book learning in Islamic boarding schools]. As-Syar’i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga, 4(2), 221–247. https://doi.org/10.47467/as.v4i2.1101
Pasaribu, Y. R. A., & Hasibuan, Z. E. (2025). Strategi pembelajaran kitab kuning (Analisis nilai-nilai akhlak karimah) dalam kitab Wasoya di Pondok Pesantren Musthafawiyah [Learning strategies for the Yellow Book (analysis of moral values) in the Wasoya book at the Musthafawiyah Islamic Boarding School]. Ahsani Taqwim: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Keguruan, 2(3), 678–687. https://doi.org/10.63424/ahsanitaqwim.v2i3.427
Rahmatullah, A., & Kumara, N. V. A. (2022). Strategi pembelajaran membaca kitab kuning di kelas 3 Madrasah Diniyah Wustho di Pondok Pesantren Nurul Huda Sukaraja [Learning strategies for reading the Yellow Book in Class 3 of Madrasah Diniyah Wustho at the Nurul Huda Sukaraja Islamic Boarding School]. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Nusantara, 1(2), 89–99. https://jsr.unuha.ac.id/index.php/JUPIN/article/view/193/46
Rahmawati, I. (2022). Implementasi penggunaan metode Amtsilati dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membaca kitab kuning santri Pondok Pesantren Bahrul Ulum Sumber Kejayan Mayang Jember [Implementation of the use of the Amtsilati method in improving the Yellow Book reading ability of students at Bahrul Ulum Islamic Boarding School Sumber Kejayan Mayang Jember]. Al-Ashr: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Dasar, 7(2), 150–166. https://doi.org/10.56013/alashr.v7i2.1633
Ramadhan, I. Z., & As’ad, A. (2024). Penerapan pembelajaran program kitab kuning untuk menguatkan karakter religius peserta didik di MA Hasyim Asy’ari Bangsri Jepara [Implementation of the yellow book learning program to strengthen the religious character of students at MA Hasyim Asy'ari Bangsri Jepara]. Ta’limuna: Journal of Islamic Education, 13(2), 180–190. https://repository.pnb.ac.id/id/eprint/18276/2/RAMA_93410_2215903021_0012047004_0011068808_part.pdf
Rasikh, A. (2018). Pembelajaran kitab kuning pada Pondok Pesantren Khusus Al-Halimy Desa Sesela Kabupaten Lombok Barat [Learning the Yellow Book at the Al-Halimy Special Islamic Boarding School, Sesela Village, West Lombok Regency]. Jurnal Penelitian Keislaman, 14(1), 72W?86. https://doi.org/10.20414/jpk.v14i1.492
Reese, S. (2022). Manuscript and print in the Islamic tradition. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110776485
Rifki, A., Sulaiman, E., Isnaini, A., & Mansyur, M. (2024). Pendampingan pengukuran kompetensi membaca kitab kuning melalui sistem akselerasi Al-Miftah Lil Ulum [Assistance in measuring competence in reading the yellow book through the Al-Miftah Lil Ulum acceleration system]. Ngabekti: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 2(1), 55–62. https://doi.org/10.32478/7t9m9m68
Ritonga, M., Wahyuni, S., & Novigator, H. (2023). The future of Arabic language learning for non-Muslims as an actualization of Wasathiyah Islam in Indonesia [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]. F1000Research. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.125760.1
Ro’uf, A. M. (2018). Contemporary Islamic thought paradigm in understanding Turâth and modernity. Jurnal Ushuluddin, 26(2). https://doi.org/10.24014/jush.v26i2.4952
Rofi’i, M. A., (2024). Improving the ability to read Kitab Kuning through the Manhaji method at Darun Nuhat Islamic Boarding School, Petiyin, Solokuro, Lamongan. Al-Tarbawi Al-Haditsah: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 9(2), 320–349. https://www.syekhnurjati.ac.id/jurnal/index.php/tarbawi/article/download/18844
Rohman, M., & Abidin, M. (2025). The impact of kitab kuning reading habits on Arabic vocabulary mastery among Islamic boarding school students. Journal of Teaching and Learning, 2(1), 51–68. https://doi.org/10.71305/jtl.v2i1.268
Rosidin, R., Andriani, F., Kawakip, A. N., & Fauzi, M. M. (2022). The development history of the yellow book (kitab kuning) as Islamic textbooks in Indonesia based on the philology perspective. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Religious Literature and Heritage (ISLAGE 2021) (pp. 233–242). https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220206.030
Salam, M. Y., Suharmon, S., Shidqi, M. H., Yozi, S., & Jistito, D. (2025). Tradisi keilmuan pesantren melalui integrasi sorogan dan bandongan dalam pembelajaran kitab kuning di Sumatera Barat [Islamic boarding school scientific traditions through the integration of sorogan and bandongan in the study of the Yellow Book in West Sumatra]. At-Tasyrih: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Hukum Islam, 11(2), 27–46. https://ejournal.unisbajambi.ac.id/index.php/attasyrih/article/view/336
Saubari, A., Rabi’ah, & Syamsul, R. (2022). Sistem pembelajaran kitab kuning di MTs Miftahuddin Kecamatan Jenamas Kabupaten Barito Selatan [Yellow Book learning system at MTs Miftahuddin, Jenamas District, South Barito Regency]. Al-Furqan: Jurnal Agama, Sosial, dan Budaya, 1(4), 15–25. https://doi.org/10.35931/alfurqan.v1i4
Selamet, Supiana, & Yuliati Zaqiah, Q. (2022). Kebijakan Pengembangan Kurikulum Pendidikan Islam [Islamic education curriculum development policy]. Al-Munadzomah, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.51192/almunadzomah.v1i2.320
Sulaikho, S. (2018). Nub?ah Al-Bayãn sebagai solusi menguasai keterampilan membaca kitab klasik/kitab kuning [Nub?ah Al-Bayãn as a solution to mastering the skills of reading classical books/Yellow Books]. Dinamika, 3(1), 33–46. https://doi.org/10.32764/dinamika.v3i1.224
Syafi’i, A. H., Husnan, & Faqihuddin, A. R. (2022). Pembelajaran keterampilan berbahasa Arab komunikatif interaktif pada pembelajaran kitab kuning di Pesantren Khusus Al-Halimy Sesela [Learning interactive communicative Arabic language skills in Yellow Book learning at the Al-Halimy Sesela Special Islamic Boarding School]. Cordova Journal of Language and Culture Studies, 12(2), 103–122. https://doi.org/10.20414/cordova.v12i2.6560
Syafi’i, A. H., Nurjanah, & Husnan. (2021). Problematika pembelajaran keterampilan berbicara bahasa Arab berbasis komunikatif dalam bingkai pembelajaran kitab kuning [Problems of learning communicative-based Arabic speaking skills in the frame of learning the Yellow Book]. Ibtida’iy: Jurnal Prodi PGMI, 6(1), 18–24. https://doi.org/10.31764/ibtidaiy.v6i1.5201
Syagif, A. (2024). Teori beban kognitif John Sweller dan implikasinya dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab pada jenjang pendidikan dasar [John Sweller's cognitive load theory and its implications for Arabic language learning at the elementary education level]. Fashluna, 5(2), 93–105. https://doi.org/10.47625/FASHLUNA.V5I2.883
Syukran, S. (2025). Strategi pembelajaran kitab kuning dalam pendidikan agama Islam di era digital: Studi kasus di Pondok Pesantren Darul Hijrah Al-Aziziyah [Yellow Book learning strategies in Islamic religious education in the digital era: Case study at Darul Hijrah Al-Aziziyah Islamic Boarding School]. Edu Society: Jurnal Pendidikan, Ilmu Sosial dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, 5(2), 2095–2108. https://doi.org/10.56832/edu.v5i2.1688
Tarihoran, A. S., & Rezi, M. (2021). Penguatan membaca kitab kuning menggunakan metode Bithaqatil Jumal pada Pesantren Mu’allimin Muhammadiyyah Sawah Dangka Kab. Agam, Sumatera Barat [Strengthening reading the Yellow Book using the Bithaqatil Jumal method at the Mu'allimin Muhammadiyyah Sawah Dangka Regency Islamic Boarding School. Agam, West Sumatra]. Turast: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian, 9(2), 170–181. https://doi.org/10.15548/turast.v9i2.2898
Ubadah, U. (2020). Metode pembelajaran bahasa Arab untuk meningkatkan kemampuan membaca kitab kuning mahasiswa jurusan pendidikan bahasa Arab Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Ilmu Keguruan IAIN Palu [Arabic language learning method to improve the ability to read the Yellow Book for students majoring in Arabic education, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, IAIN Palu]. Albariq: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab, 1(2), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.24239/albariq.v1i2.6
Ubaidillah, U., Kamil, A. M., Diasyhuri, A. M., & Khasanah, S. (2023). Teaching humanity and spirituality through kitab kuning: An insight from Pesantren As-Shuffah. Nadwa: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 17(2), 250–257. https://doi.org/10.21580/nw.2023.17.2.25751
Umam, K. (2020). Urgensi metodologi pembelajaran kitab kuning: (studi atas metode Al-fâtih dalam meningkatkan keterampilan membaca kitab kuning di Madrasah Aliyah 1 Annuqayah) [The urgency of the Yellow Book learning methodology: (Study of the al-Fâtih Method for improving Yellow Book reading skills at Madrasah Aliyah 1 Annuqayah)]. Al-Ulum Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Ke Islaman, 7(1), 101–112. https://doi.org/10.31102/alulum.7.1.2020.101-112
Umroh, I. L., Suryani, K., Dwi, H., & Hastuti, P. (2020). Peningkatan keterampilan membaca kitab kuning melalui pembentukan kebiasaan membaca teks Arab di kelas II Wustho Pondok Pesantren Al-Hidayah Kanugrahan Maduran Lamongan [Improving Yellow Book reading skills through forming the habit of reading Arabic Texts in Class II Wustho Al-Hidayah Islamic Boarding School Kanugrahan Maduran Lamongan]. Al-Fakkaar, 1(2), 60–79. https://e-jurnal.unisda.ac.id/index.php/ALF/article/view/2048
Wafa, M. A. (2024). Manajemen kurikulum dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitas baca kitab kuning di PPAI Darun Najah Ngijo Karangploso Malang (Curriculum management in an effort to improve the quality of reading yellow books at PPAI Darun Najah Ngijo Karangploso Malang) Al Furqan : Jurnal Agama, Sosial, Dan Budaya, 3(4), 1968–1990. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35931/alfurqan.v3i4
Wahyudi, S., Dudiyono, D., & Mawardi, K. (2023). Online learning Talaqqi method in Pesantren of Indonesia. Al-Ishlah: Jurnal Pendidikan, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v15i3.2596
Wahyuni, S., & Ibrahim, R. (2017). Pemaknaan Jawa Pegon dalam memahami kitab kuning di Pesantren [The meaning of Javanese Pegon in understanding the yellow book in Islamic boarding schools]. Manarul Qur’an: Jurnal Ilmiah Studi Islam, 17(1), 4–21. https://doi.org/10.32699/mq.v17i1.920
Wais Al Qorni, A. (2021). Manajemen rekrutmen santri tahfidz Al-qu’ran tingkat madrasah aliyah [Management of recruitment of tahfidz Al-qu'ran students at madrasah aliyah level]. Rayah Al-Islam. https://doi.org/10.37274/rais.v5i02.480
Wanto, W. (2025). Pendampingan literasi kitab kuning dan penulisan ringkasan berbahasa Indonesia bagi santri Madrasah Aliyah Ma’arif 7 Sunan Drajat [Assistance with yellow book literacy and summary writing in Indonesian for santri Madrasah Aliyah Ma'arif 7 Sunan Drajat]. Rahmah : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 1(1), 55–65. https://doi.org/10.65065/nyhn3t35
Wekke, I. S. (2015). Arabic teaching and learning: A model from Indonesian Muslim minority. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 91, 286–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.236
Wildan, K., & Fuad, A. J. (2019). Implementasi metode Tamyiz dalam pembelajaran baca kitab kuning [Implementation of the Tamyiz Method in learning to read the yellow book]. AL-WIJDÃN Journal of Islamic Education Studies, 4(1), 91–105. https://doi.org/10.58788/alwijdn.v4i1.301
Wiwaha, R. S., & Ramdani, A. (2024). Comparison of kitab kuning learning at Pesantren Al-Atiqiyah in Sukabumi and Pesantren Falahul Ahkam in Pandeglang [Comparison of Buku Kuning learning at Pesantren Al-Atiqiyah in Sukabumi and Pesantren Falahul Ahkam in Pandeglang]. Tadris Al-’Arabiyyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab Dan Kebahasaaraban, 3(1), 29?44. https://doi.org/10.15575/ta.v3i1.34108
Yani, A., Rahmawati, S., Nurhasanah, Y., Bahasa Arab, P., & Agama Islam Cirebon, I. (2023). Pelatihan membaca kitab kuning dengan Metode Kitab Mustaqilli [Training in reading the Yellow Book using the Mustaqilli Book Method]. Al Naqdu: Jurnal Kajian Keislaman, 4(1), 53W?57. https://doi.org/10.58773/ALNAQDU.V4I1.127
Yanmar, N., Mahmud, B., & Hamzah, H. (2023). Metode pembelajaran bahasa arab dalam memahami kitab kuning [Arabic learning methods for understanding the Yellow Book]. Jurnal Naskhi Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Dan Bahasa Arab, 5(2), 100–108. https://doi.org/10.47435/naskhi.v5i2.2224
Yasin, Z. F. (2025). Strategi program i’dad dalam meningkatkan minat baca kitab kuning santri: Studi kasus Pondok Pesantren Mambaul Ulum Bata-Bata Pamekasan [I'dad program strategy in increasing students' interest in reading the Yellow Book: Case study of the Mambaul Ulum Bata-Bata Pamekasan Islamic Boarding School]. [Master’s thesis, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim]. http://etheses.uin-malang.ac.id/72484/
Yulianti, N., Aziz, I., & Hayati, R. M. (2024). Penerapan metode sorogan dalam meningkatkan kemampuan membaca kitab kuning santri Pondok Pesantren Wali Songo (Study kasus kelas Ula Tsalis B Putri) [Application of the Sorogan Method in improving the reading ability of the Yellow Book of Wali Songo Islamic Boarding School students (Case study of Ula Tsalis B Putri Class)]. Berkala Ilmiah Pendidikan, 4(2), 296–307. https://doi.org/10.51214/bip.v4i2.882
Zaenuri, M., & Baroroh, R. U. (2025). Developing an integrated Nahwu textbook for Kitab Kuning reading skills. Ijaz Arabi Journal of Arabic Learning, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.18860/IJAZARABI.V8I2.31175
Zikriah, Z., & Mauludiyah, L. (2024). Research trend of Arabic language teaching in the world: Systematic literature review based on Scopus database. Research and Development in Education, 4(1), 27–48. https://doi.org/10.22219/raden.v4i1.31847
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Kartini Kartini, Kamaluddin Abu Nawas, Ali Nahruddin Tanal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
All articles published by IJLTER are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No-Derivatives 4.0 International License (CCBY-NC-ND4.0).
